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Birth | | 10mm | 2years | | 3mm | 3years | | 2mm | 30years | | Closed |
Wormian bones close by 6 months | Metopic suture (dividing frontal bone is usually closed by 2 years, but may persist as a normal variant) |


Metabolic | | Rickets, Hypercalcaemia (and Hypervitaminosis D), Hyperthyroidism | Haematological | | Sickle Cell, Thalassaemia | Dysplasia | | Hypophosphatasia, Achondroplasia, Hurlers | Syndromes | | Apert, Crouzon (similar to Apert no syndactyly), Carpenter, Crouzon | Microcephaly | | Atrophy or Dysgenesis | Post-Shunting | | |











Neurological | | Haemangioblastomas commonly in the cerebellum (40%) | Ocular | | Retinal angiomas (45%) | Renal | | Cysts (75%), Multiple cystic neoplasms (at least 20%), haemangiomas | Adrenal | | Familial phaeochromocytoma (15%), extradrenal paragangliomas | Pancreas | | Cysts (75%) Cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma, cystic islet cell tumours, haemangioblastoma | Epididymis | | Cystadenoma (characteristic lesion) | Liver | | Less common involvement with cysts, haemangiomas or adenomas (often coincidental and unrelated) |

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Normal 4 chamber MR. Arrow demonstrates the anotomical site of the membranous portion of the interventricular septum which allows a Gerbode defect to cause LV to RA shunting. Note the more apically located tricuspid valve compared to the more basally positioned mitral valve. |  |







Lesion | Characteristic Feature | ______ | ____________________ |
Astrocytoma (including Giant Cell variant) | Foramen of Munro | Colloid Cysts | Foramen of Munro/3rd Ventricle | Central Neurocytoma | Septum pellucidum attachment | Choroid Plexus Papilloma | Body/Temp Horn | Meningioma | Trigone | Metastases | Trigone, Choroid Plexus | Ependymoma | 4th Ventricle | Subependymoma | 4th Ventricle | Epidermoid/Dermoids | Fat containing |


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Drugs | Steroids (particularly if treating SLE), +/- immunosuppressive therapy (look for a transplant kidney) | Connective tissue Disorders | SLE, hypercoagulable states (protein S,C deficiencies), Polycythaemia Rubra Vera, rarely RA | Alcoholism | Hard to identify the independent contribution-lots of people drink! | Post-traumatic | Neck of femur fracture | Haemoglobinopathies | Sickle Cell, Thalassaemia | Pancreatitis | | Caissons disease | | Gauchers | Look for Erlen-Meyer flask deformity | Amyloid | |
(So my catchy mneumonic would be DCAPHPCGA –almost looks like a gene sequence)




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